Overview of the material
„May the steel be high-grade, rustproof and good“ Overview of the material
The metal generally referred to as high-grade steel, stainless steel or (expressed academically) „rustproof and acid-resisting steel“ has been around for almost 100 years. Its industrial use began in 1912 when the patent application was submitted for steels with “high resistance to corrosion”. These humble beginnings have led to the development – particularly since 1950 – of a materials group comprising more than 120 stainless steel types that are used in every segment worldwide.
Areas of application
- architecture and construction
- automobile technology and transport
- chemical plant construction
- offshore technology and shipbuilding
- environmental technology and water industry
- household and consumer goods
- food processing
- medicine and pharmaceuticals
This trend is also reflected in the production figures: between 1990 and 2000, annual production of stainless steel increased by almost 50% to approx. 18.4 million tons. More and more steel users are coming to know and appreciate the advantages of the stainless steel materials.
Benefits
- corrosion-resistant
- high-tensile, wear-resistant
- weldable
- temperature-resistant
- hygienic
- conductive
- low-maintenance
- long-lasting
- efficient
What makes stainless steel so resistant?
Understanding this process is important for, among other things, the use of stainless steel in lowoxygen or oxygen-free environments; here there can be no subsequent passivation of the surface and the material is exposed to the aggressive influences.
The addition of other alloying elements further improves the mechanical and chemical properties of stainless steel: nickel increases the resistance to acid and is contained in all commonly used stainless steels; sulphur improves the machining qualities (A 1); titanium, niobium or tantalum stabilizes the material structure at higher temperatures (A 3 and A 5); manganese, molybdenum and copper are other commonly used alloying elements that increase the resistance to reducing acids and localized corrosion. (You can find details of the chemical compositions in the overview on page 521.) Once the right types of stainless steel for the individual application case have been chosen, nothing can stand in the way of a long lifespan and therefore a secure fastening element.